A
account 账户
account payable 应付账款
accounting system 会计系统
Accounting Principle Board (APB) (美国)会计准则委员会
accrual basis 权责发生制(应计制) accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 account format 账户格式
accrue 应计
accounting cycle 会计循环
accounts receivable 应收账款
accounts receivable turnover 应收账款周转率
accelerated depreciation 加速折旧 adjusting entries 调整分录 adjustment 调整
aging of accounts receivable 应收账款账龄分析法
allowance for bad debts 坏账准备 allowance for doubtful accounts 坏账准备 allowance for uncollectible 坏账准备 allowance method 备抵法
allowance for depreciation 折旧备抵账户
amortization 摊销 annual report 年度报告 annuity 年金
assets 资产
audit 审计
auditor’s opinion 审计意见书
auditor 审计师
audit committee 审计委员会
average collection period 平均收账期
AICPA 美国注册会计师协会
APB Opinions 会计准则委员会意见书
B
balance 余额
bad debt recoveries 坏账收回
bad debts 坏账
bad debts expense 坏账费用
balance sheet 资产负债表
balance sheet equation 资产负债表等式
basket purchase 一揽子采购 betterment 改造投资,改造工程投资 bearer instrument 不记名票据
bonds 债券
book of original entry 原始分录账簿
book value 账面价值
C
capital 资本
capital stock certificate 股本证明书
cash basis 收付实现制(现金收付制)
cash dividends 现金股利
cash flow statement 现金流量表 carrying amount 账面价值 carrying value 账面价值
callable bonds 可赎债券,可提前兑回债券
call premium 提前兑回溢价
capital lease 资本租赁(指融资租赁)
cash discounts 现金折扣
cash equivalents 现金等价物
capital improvement 资本改造支出
capitalized 资本化
callable bonds 可赎债券,可提前兑回债券
call premium 提前兑回溢价
capital lease 资本租赁(指融资租赁)
certified public accountant(CPA) 注册会计师
charge ①费用;②赊账,指赊欠而采用记账的方式;③留置权
chart of account 会计科目表 closing entries 结账分录 closing the books 结账
classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表
compound interest 复利
compound interest method 复利法 contingent liability 或有负债 contractual rate 合同比率 convertible bonds 可兑换债券 coupon rate 息票利率
covenant 合同条款 common stock 普通股 compound entry 复合分录 corporation 公司
cost of goods sold 销售成本
cost of sales 销售成本 cost recovery 成本收回 compound entry 复合分录
continuity convention 持续经营惯例
contra account 抵减账户
contra asset 抵减资产
cost-benefit criterion 成本-效益标准
compensating balances 补偿性存款额
conservatism 稳健性,保守性
comparative financial statement 比较财务报表
consistency 一致性
cost of goods available for sale 可供销售的商品成本
cost valuation 成本计价 consignment 寄销 copyright 版权
creditor 债权人
credit 贷方
cross-referencing 对照检录
cutoff error 截止错误,截账误差
current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 流动负债 current ratio 流动比率 current yield 本期收益率
D
data processing 数据处理过程
days to collect account receivable 应收账款收回天数
debtor 债务人 depreciation 折旧 debit 借方
deferred credit 递延贷项 deferred revenue 递延收入 debenture 公司债券
debt-to-equity ratio 债务股本比
debt-to-total-assets ratio 债务全部资产比
deferred charges 递延费用
depletion 折耗
depreciable value 应计折旧 depreciation schedule 折旧计划表 discount amortization 债券折价摊销 discount on bonds 债券折价
discount rates 贴现率
disposal value 残值
double-entry system 复式记账系统
double-declining-balance depreciation (DDB) 双倍余额递减法
E
earnings 收益(利润)
economic life 经济寿命
effective-interest amortization 实际利率摊销法
effective interest rate 实际利率 entity 主体(会计主体) explicit transactions 明计交易 expenses 费用
expenditures 支出
F
face amount 票面值
FASB Statement 财务会计委员会公告
financial accounting 财务会计
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (美国)财务会计准则委员会
fiscal year ①会计年度(财务年度);②财政年度
financing lease 融资租赁法
finished goods inventory 产成品存货
fixed assets 固定资产
franchises 特许经营权,专营权
first-in, first-out(FIFO) 先进先出
F.O.B. destination 目的地抵岸价格
F.O.B. shipping point 起运点交货
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 反国外行贿法案
freight in 运入运费 freight out 运出运费 future value 将来值
G
GAAP 一般公认会计原则
generally accepted accounting principles 一般公认会计原则
general journal 普通日记账 general ledger 总分类账 general controls 一般控制
going concern convention 持续经营惯例
goodwill 商誉
gross margin 毛利
gross margin percentage 毛利率
gross profit 毛利
gross profit percentage 毛利率 gross profit test 毛利测试法 gross sales 销售收入总额
H
holding gain 资产置存收益
I
implicit transactions 内含成本 imprest basis 定额备用金制 implicit interest 隐含利息 imputed interest 推算利息 imputed interest rate 推算利率 improvement 改造投资
intangible assets 无形资产
independent opinion 独立意见书
inventory 存货
income 利润(收益) income statement 利润表 interim periods 期间
International Accounting Standards Committee(IASC)国际会计准则委员会
interest 利息
interest-coverage ratio 利率保障系数
interest period 利息期
interest rate 利率
inventory profit 存货利润,存货盈利 inventory shrinkage 库存损耗 inventory turnover 存货周转率
inward transportation 运入运费
input controls 输入控制 internal control 内部控制 J
journal entry 日记账分录
journalizing 记录日记账
K
keying of entries 分录锁定
L
last-in, first-out(LIFO) 后进先出
lease 租赁 ledger 分类账 leasehold 租赁权
leasehold improvement 租赁资产改良投资
liabilities 负债
limited liability 有限责任
line of credit 信用贷款之最高额度 LIFO increment 后进先出增量 LIFO layer 后进先出存货层次 LIFO reserve 后进先出法准备 licenses 许可(证)
long-lived assets 长期资产
long-term-debt-to – total-capital ratio 长期债务与总资本比
long-term liabilities 长期债务
lower-of-cost-or-market method(LCM) 成本与市价孰低
M
management reports 管理报告 management accounting 管理会计 matching 配比原则
materiality convention 重要性惯例 market rate 市价,市场利率,市场汇率 mortgage bond 抵押债券
multiple-step income statement 多步式利润表
N
notes payable 应付票据
net income 净利润
net book value 账面净值
net sales 销售净额
nominal interest rate 名义利率
O
open account ①未清账;②赊账,指赊购和记账交易
operating income 营业收益 operating profit 营业利润 operating cycle 营业周期
operating statement 营业报表
operating lease 经营租赁
other postretirement benefits 其它退休后保障
output controls 输出控制 owners’ equity 所有者权益 P
patents 专利权
paid-in capital 投入资本(缴入股本)
paid-in capital in excess of par value 超面值缴入股本
partnership 合伙企业
par value 股面价值,票面价值
pensions 养老金
percentage of accounts receivable method 应收账款百分比法
percentage of sales method 销售百分比法
period costs 期间费用
permanent account 永久账户
periodic inventory system 存货定期盘存制度 perpetual inventory system 存货永续盘存制度 physical count 实物盘点
plant assets 固定资产 P&L statement 损益表 posting 过账
pretax income 税前收益
profitability evaluation 获利能力评估 privately accounting 企业会计 privately owned 私有公司
product costs 制造成本
profit 利润
premium on bonds 债券溢价
present value 现值
processing controls 过程控制
principal 本金
private placement 私募 promissory note 期票 protective covenant 防护条款 public accounting 公共会计 publicly owned 国有企业
R
raw material inventory 原材料存货
reliability 可靠性
recognition 确认
reinvested earnings 留存收益 results of operations 损益表 retained income 留存收益 revenue 收入
report FORMat 报告式
return on sales ratio 销售回报率
return on stockholders’ equity ratio 股东权益回报率
registered instrument 记名证券 replacement cost 重置成本 retailer 零售商
reversing entries 回转分录
retail inventory method 零售价盘存法
retail method 零售法 residual value 剩余价值 S
salvage value 残值
sales 销售额
sales revenue 销售收入
scrap value 废料价值
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)(美国)证券交易委员会
shareholders’ equity 股东权益
simple entry 简单分录
single-step income statement 单步式利润表
simple interest 单利
sinking fund 偿债基金
sinking fund bonds 拥有偿债基金的债券
solvency 偿债能力
source document 原始凭证
sole proprietorship 独资企业
specific identification method 个别鉴定法
special journals 特种日记账
stated value 股本
statement of financial condition 财务状况表 statement of financial position 财务状况表 stock certificate 股票凭证
stockholders’ equity 股东权益 statement of cash flows 现金流量表 statement of earnings 收益表 statement of income 利润表
statement of income and retained income 损益和留存收益表
statement of operations 损益表
statement of retained income 留存收益表 statement of revenue and expenses 损益表 stated rate 名义利率
straight-line depreciation 直线折旧
subordinated debentures 次级贷款
T
tangible assets 有形资产 T-account T-型账户 terminal value 终值
temporary accounts 临时账户
transaction 交易
trial balance 试算平衡表 trust indenture 信托契约 trademarks 商标
U
unearned revenue 未实现收入(预收账款)
underwriters 承销商
unregistered instrument 未记名证券 unsubordinated debenture 普通信用债券 unit depreciation 单件折旧
useful life 使用寿命
W
weighted-average cost 加权平均成本
wholesaler 批发商
working capital 营运资本
working capital ratio 营运资本比率
working paper 工作表
work sheet 工作底稿
work in process inventory 在制品
write-down 减值
Y
yield to maturity 到期收益率,到期收益